This may not be the definitive account of how the financial system we have today evolved but I got a lot of value out of the interview on the Odd Lots podcast. The role that Communist countries played in the inception of the Eurodollar market was certainly news to me. Josh cites Russia in his origin story but Wikipedia adds another version in which China was the country looking for a way to hold USD outside the USA.
You can find the Apple version of the podcast here
podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/odd-lots/id1056200096
Tony – From the Outside